[潑婦之友]

[nessus]

LZ，這裡做廣告是要交費的。

[潑婦之友]

#### 用 Python 畫出正弦波？？



docs.python.org/2/library/math.html

[潑婦之友]

pi=3.1415926535897932384626;

[A70Plus]

好像用的還不是很多。

[潑婦之友]

RGB Specifications #

If you need to explicitly specify a color, you can use a string with the following format:

#RRGGBB
RR, GG, BB are hexadecimal representations of the red, green and blue values, respectively. The following sample shows how you can convert a color 3-tuple to a Tk color specification:

tk_rgb = "#%02x%02x%02x" % (128, 192, 200)
Tk also supports the forms “#RGB” and “#RRRRGGGGBBBB” to specify each value with 16 and 65536 levels, respectively.

You can use the winfo_rgb widget method to translate a color string (either a name or an RGB specification) to a 3-tuple:

rgb = widget.winfo_rgb("red")
red, green, blue = rgb[0]/256, rgb[1]/256, rgb[2]/256
Note that winfo_rgb returns 16-bit RGB values, ranging from 0 to 65535. To map them into the more common 0-255 range, you must divide each value by 256 (or shift them 8 bits to the right).


effbot.org/tkinterbook...olor-names

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www.tutorialspoint.com...amming.pdf



Creating a GUI application ( using Tkinter) is an easy task. All you need to do is perform the following steps:

1. Import the Tkinter module.

2. Create the GUI application main window.

3. Add one or more of the above-mentioned widgets to the GUI application.

4. Enter the main event loop to take action against each event triggered by the user.

wiki.python.org/moin/TkInter

代碼:

import Tkinter top = Tkinter.Tk() # Code to add widgets will go here... top.mainloop()

This would create a window.

[潑婦之友]

www.tutorialspoint.com...amming.pdf

Tkinter Widgets

tk 把控件叫 "Widgets" , 記著就好。

Tkinter provides various controls, such as buttons, labels and text boxes used in a GUI application. These controls are commonly called widgets.

There are currently 15 types of widgets in Tkinter. We present these widgets as well as a brief description in the following table:

Operator	Description
Button	The Button widget is used to display buttons in your application.
Canvas	The Canvas widget is used to draw shapes, such as lines, ovals, polygons and rectangles, in your application.
Checkbutton	The Checkbutton widget is used to display a number of options as checkboxes. The user can select multiple options at a time.
Entry	The Entry widget is used to display a single-line text field for accepting values from a user.
Frame	The Frame widget is used as a container widget to organize other widgets.
Label	The Label widget is used to provide a single-line caption for other widgets. It can also contain images.
Listbox	The Listbox widget is used to provide a list of options to a user.
Menubutton	The Menubutton widget is used to display menus in your application.
Menu	The Menu widget is used to provide various commands to a user. These commands are contained inside Menubutton.
Message	The Message widget is used to display multiline text fields for accepting values from a user.
Radiobutton	The Radiobutton widget is used to display a number of options as radio buttons. The user can select only one option at a time.
Scale	The Scale widget is used to provide a slider widget.
Scrollbar	The Scrollbar widget is used to add scrolling capability to various widgets, such as list boxes.
Text	The Text widget is used to display text in multiple lines.
Toplevel	The Toplevel widget is used to provide a separate window container.
Spinbox	The Spinbox widget is a variant of the standard Tkinter Entry widget, which can be used to select from a fixed number of values.
PanedWindow	A PanedWindow is a container widget that may contain any number of panes, arranged horizontally or vertically.
LabelFrame	A labelframe is a simple container widget. Its primary purpose is to act as a spacer or container for complex window layouts.
tkMessageBox	This module is used to display message boxes in your applications.

------------------------------------------------------------------


Standard attributes:
Let's take a look at how some of their common attributes.such as sizes, colors and fonts are specified.

Dimensions

Colors

Fonts

Anchors

Relief styles

Bitmaps

Cursors



Geometry Management:

All Tkinter widgets have access to specific geometry management methods, which have the purpose of organizing widgets throughout the parent widget area. Tkinter exposes the following geometry manager classes: pack, grid, and place.

The pack() Method - This geometry manager organizes widgets in blocks before placing them in the parent widget.

The grid() Method - This geometry manager organizes widgets in a table-like structure in the parent widget.

The place() Method -This geometry manager organizes widgets by placing them in a specific position in the parent widget.

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SQL Database Access

www.tutorialspoint.com...access.htm

The Python standard for database interfaces is the Python DB-API. Most Python database interfaces adhere to this standard.

You can choose the right database for your application. Python Database API supports a wide range of database servers:

GadFly

mSQL

MySQL

PostgreSQL

Microsoft SQL Server 2000

Informix

Interbase

Oracle

Sybase

Here is the list of available Python database interfaces: Python Database Interfaces and APIs .You must download a separate DB API module for each database you need to access. For example, if you need to access an Oracle database as well as a MySQL database, you must download both the Oracle and the MySQL database modules.

The DB API provides a minimal standard for working with databases using Python structures and syntax wherever possible. This API includes the following:

Importing the API module.

Acquiring a connection with the database.

Issuing SQL statements and stored procedures.

Closing the connection

We would learn all the concepts using MySQL, so let's talk about MySQLdb module only.

www.tutorialspoint.com...access.pdf

[潑婦之友]

** in depth

www.tutorialspoint.com...python.htm